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  The main reason why a person's skin color is fair or dark is genetics and the amount of a pigment called melanin.     Amount and type of melanin  • Melanin is the main substance that determines the color of the skin, hair, and eyes.   • The more melanin, the darker the skin.   • The less melanin, the fairer the skin.     The three main types of melanin 1. Eumelanin: Gives the skin and hair a brown or black color.   2. Pheomelanin: Gives the skin a reddish or yellowish tint and makes it fair. Too much pheomelanin sometimes increases the risk of skin cancer due to low UV resistance.   3. Neuromelanin: It is mainly found in the brain, has no direct relationship with skin color. However, the body is light brown or dark brown to black in color.     2. Hormonal and health factors  • Some hormonal problems, such as Addison's disease or hyperpigmentation, can darken the skin color. • In some cases, skin diseases or long-term m...

  Dr. Aafia Siddiqui: The true Story of a Persecuted Muslim Woman  Dr. Aafia Siddiqui is a Pakistani neurologist and neuroscientist, who is known internationally. Dr. Aafia Siddiqui was born on March 2, 1972 in Karachi, Pakistan, into an educated and respected Muslim family. Dr. Aafia's father, Dr. Mehmood Siddiqui, was an army officer and doctor. Dr. Aafia was the third of five siblings.   Dr. Aafia Siddiqui's Education and Career  She was a very talented student. After completing high school, she went to the United States for higher education. She completed her graduation in Biology and Neuroscience from the world's leading institution MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). She then obtained a PhD in Neuroscience from Brandeis University. Dr. Aafia was an important researcher in cognitive neuroscience. She also obtained certificates in various subjects. It is known that she was also a Quran reciter.   In early 1999, she served as an instructor i...